사주 용어 사전 — 명리학 용어 99개 정리

Core (9개)

Saju (四柱): Literally 'four pillars' — the chart of birth year, month, day, and hour, each encoded as one Heavenly Stem and one Earthly Branch. Eight characters total, often called 'Sajupalja' (四柱八字).
Myeongsik (命式): The formatted Saju chart: four pillars laid out horizontally with stems above and branches below.
Heavenly Stems (天干): Ten celestial signs of heavenly energy: Jia, Yi, Bing, Ding, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren, Gui.
Earthly Branches (地支): Twelve terrestrial signs of earthly energy: Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai — also marking hours, seasons, and zodiac animals.
60 Pillars (六十甲子): Sixty cyclic combinations formed by pairing the 10 stems with the 12 branches, starting from Jiazi and ending with Guihai.
Yin-Yang (陰陽): Two opposing primal forces of all phenomena. Yang is active/outward; Yin is receptive/inward.
Five Elements (五行): The five fundamental motions of the cosmos: Wood (growth), Fire (spread), Earth (mediate), Metal (contract), Water (store).
Mutual Generation (相生): Productive cycle: Wood feeds Fire, Fire enriches Earth, Earth bears Metal, Metal nourishes Water, Water grows Wood.
Mutual Restraint (相剋): Controlling cycle: Wood pierces Earth, Earth dams Water, Water quenches Fire, Fire melts Metal, Metal cuts Wood.

Pillars (6개)

Year Pillar (年柱): Stem-Branch of birth year. Reveals lineage, early life, and external environment. The boundary is the solar term Ipchun (around February 4).
Month Pillar (月柱): Stem-Branch of birth month. Reveals parents, youth, and career entry. Boundaries are set by 12 of the 24 solar terms.
Day Pillar (日柱): Stem-Branch of birth day. Represents the self and spouse — the most important pillar in modern Saju.
Hour Pillar (時柱): Stem-Branch of birth hour. Reveals children, late life, and old age.
Day Master (日干): The Heavenly Stem of the Day Pillar — the 'self' anchoring all Saju interpretation.
Day Branch (日支): The Earthly Branch of the Day Pillar — called the 'spouse palace,' it shows daily-life rhythms.

Ten Gods (11개)

Ten Gods (十神): Ten relational labels assigned to the other seven characters based on their Five-Element relationship to the day stem.
Bijian (比肩): Same element + same polarity. Self, peers, independence.
Geopjae (劫財): Same element + opposite polarity. Rival, drive — watch for wealth loss.
Sikshin (食神): Day stem produces, same polarity. Comfort, output, gentle creativity.
Sanggwan (傷官): Day stem produces, opposite polarity. Sharp talent, art, rebellion.
Pyeonjae (偏財): Day stem controls, same polarity. Business, active wealth, opportunity.
Jeongjae (正財): Day stem controls, opposite polarity. Stable wealth, spouse (for men).
Pyeongwan (偏官): Controls day stem, same polarity (Seven Killings). Power, trial, military aptitude.
Jeonggwan (正官): Controls day stem, opposite polarity. Career, honor, husband (for women).
Pyeonin (偏印): Produces day stem, same polarity. Inspiration, religion, solitary scholarship.
Jeongin (正印): Produces day stem, opposite polarity. Mother, documents, study, kindness.

Stages (13개)

Twelve Life Stages (十二運星): Twelve life-stage gauges from Birth to Tomb, measuring the energy of the day stem at each branch position.
Birth (長生): Newborn vitality. Fresh, pure, strong at beginnings.
Bathing (沐浴): Washing and growing. Style, change, many romantic encounters.
Capping (冠帶): Coming of age. Drive and self-respect.
Establishing (建祿): Peak adult activity. Independence and stability.
Empire (帝旺): Apex of energy. Strong drive and charisma, possible arrogance.
Decline (衰): Just past peak. Calm and reflective.
Sickness (病): Weakening. Sensitivity, emotion, artistry.
Death (死): Halted activity. Introspection, spirituality.
Tomb (墓): Buried. Patience, storage, research.
Cut-off (絶): Severance. Change and decisions frequent.
Womb (胎): Newly conceived. Latent potential.
Nurture (養): Fetus growing. Development under protection.

Unions (8개)

Stem Union (天干合): Five pairs of Heavenly Stems that fuse into a new element: Jia-Ji → Earth, Yi-Geng → Metal, Bing-Xin → Water, Ding-Ren → Wood, Wu-Gui → Fire.
Six Unions (六合): Six pairs of Earthly Branches that pair into one element: Zi-Chou, Yin-Hai, Mao-Xu, Chen-You, Si-Shen, Wu-Wei.
Three Combinations (三合): Four triads forming powerful elemental forces: Shen-Zi-Chen (Water), Hai-Mao-Wei (Wood), Yin-Wu-Xu (Fire), Si-You-Chou (Metal).
Directional Combination (方合): Three branches of the same season combining: Yin-Mao-Chen (Spring Wood), Si-Wu-Wei (Summer Fire), Shen-You-Xu (Autumn Metal), Hai-Zi-Chou (Winter Water).
Clash (沖): Diagonally-opposed branch pairs that clash: Zi-Wu, Chou-Wei, Yin-Shen, Mao-You, Chen-Xu, Si-Hai. Indicate change and conflict.
Penalty (刑): Branch frictions causing conflict — three-way penalties like Yin-Si-Shen, Chou-Xu-Wei, and the self-penalty Zi-Mao.
Damage (破): Minor branch misalignments, weaker than penalties.
Harm (害): Subtle branch harms — petty disturbances, envy.

Luck (4개)

Daewoon (大運): The Great Luck cycle — a stem-branch period lasting 10 years that overlays the chart. Forward for Yang-Male/Yin-Female, reverse for Yin-Male/Yang-Female.
Sewoon (歲運): The yearly luck — interaction between the annual stem-branch and the natal chart.
Wolwoon (月運): The monthly luck — changes by solar term.
Iljin (日辰): The daily stem-branch — used for daily fortune readings.

Solar Terms (25개)

24 Solar Terms: An East Asian astronomical calendar dividing the year into 24 segments, each set by the sun's ecliptic position at 15-degree intervals.
Ipchun (立春): ~February 4 — start of spring and start of the Saju year.
Usu (雨水): ~February 19 — snow turns to rain.
Gyeongchip (驚蟄): ~March 6 — start of Mao month.
Chunbun (春分): ~March 21 — spring equinox.
Cheongmyeong (淸明): ~April 5 — start of Chen month.
Gogu (穀雨): ~April 20 — grain rains.
Ipha (立夏): ~May 6 — start of summer and Si month.
Soman (小滿): ~May 21 — grain is full.
Mangjong (芒種): ~June 6 — start of Wu month.
Haji (夏至): ~June 21 — summer solstice.
Soseo (小暑): ~July 7 — start of Wei month.
Daeseo (大暑): ~July 23 — greatest heat.
Ipchu (立秋): ~August 8 — start of autumn and Shen month.
Cheoseo (處暑): ~August 23 — heat ends.
Baekro (白露): ~September 8 — start of You month.
Chubun (秋分): ~September 23 — autumn equinox.
Hanro (寒露): ~October 8 — start of Xu month.
Sanggang (霜降): ~October 23 — first frost.
Ipdong (立冬): ~November 7 — start of winter and Hai month.
Soseol (小雪): ~November 22 — first snow.
Daeseol (大雪): ~December 7 — start of Zi month.
Dongji (冬至): ~December 22 — winter solstice.
Sohan (小寒): ~January 6 — start of Chou month.
Daehan (大寒): ~January 20 — greatest cold.

Advanced (9개)

Hidden Stems (地藏干): Stems hidden inside each branch — each branch carries multiple secondary stems.
Late-Zi Hour (夜子時): The Zi hour between 23:00 and 00:00 — by one school, a birth here uses the next day's day pillar.
Early-Zi Hour (朝子時): The Zi hour between 00:00 and 01:00 — the day pillar stays the same.
True Solar Time: Actual sun-position time corrected for longitude. Seoul and Busan differ by about two minutes.
Gyeokguk (格局): The overall pattern of a Saju, named by the strongest Ten God in the month branch (e.g., Direct Officer pattern).
Yongshin (用神): The 'useful element' — the single most important character balancing the chart, used to judge luck.
Gisin (忌神): Enemy element — what weakens Yongshin. Bad-luck times bring this in.
Huishin (喜神): Helper element — supports Yongshin. Good-luck times bring this in.
Joohu (調候): Climate adjustment — balancing the cold or hot tendency of a chart with the opposite element.

Spirits (9개)

Gongmang (空亡): An empty position in the 60-pillar table — weakens the affected domain.
Dohwa-sal (桃花殺): The Peach Blossom star — strong romantic magnetism.
Yeokma-sal (驛馬殺): The Horse star — movement, travel, frequent change.
Hwagae-sal (華蓋殺): The Canopy star — art, religion, scholarship, solitude.
Cheonul-gwiin (天乙貴人): The Heavenly Noble — helpers in times of crisis.
Munchang-gwiin (文昌貴人): Scholarly Noble — luck in study and exams.
Baekho-sal (白虎殺): The White Tiger — sudden accidents or violent changes.
Goegang-sal (魁罡殺): Strong charisma and stubborn pride — major figure or major hardship.
Yangin-sal (羊刃殺): Sharp Blade — excessive strength of the day stem with potential for both decision and recklessness.

Schools (5개)

Ziping Myeongri: Day-stem-centered school of Chinese fortune-telling codified in the Song Dynasty by Xu Ziping. The mainstream method today.
Qiongtong Baojian (窮通寶鑑): A classical text emphasizing 'climate adjustment' — taking the day stem's seasonal weather as the starting point of interpretation.
Ziwei Doushu (紫微斗數): A separate East Asian astrological system based on star placements, distinct from Saju.
Qimen Dunjia (奇門遁甲): A divination system using direction and time grids.
Dangsaju (唐四柱): A Tang-Dynasty-style folk Saju reading using picture cards — more popular than scholarly.